IT之家 9 月 30 日消息，OpenAI 首席執(zhí)行官薩姆?阿爾特曼（Sam Altman）9 月 26 日在接受 Indeed 采訪時(shí)談到了“AI 導(dǎo)致失業(yè)”的問(wèn)題。
他表示，“我相信，未來(lái)會(huì)有很多工作，而且其中許多工作看起來(lái)會(huì)與今天的工作有所不同，但我們似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)無(wú)事可做。”
Chris Hyams：我經(jīng)常被問(wèn)到一個(gè)問(wèn)題，我很想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)你的想法。AI 的創(chuàng)新速度令人驚嘆，目前正在讀大一的本科生，到畢業(yè)時(shí)可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們學(xué)習(xí)的一些東西已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)。你會(huì)對(duì)一名高中生或大學(xué)生說(shuō)些什么，幫助他們?yōu)槲磥?lái)做好準(zhǔn)備？
Sam Altman：我認(rèn)為最明確、最明顯的兩件事是：第一，你必須學(xué)會(huì)使用這些工具。當(dāng)我上學(xué)時(shí)，計(jì)算機(jī)編程就已經(jīng)很流行了，但卻與今天完全不同。人們當(dāng)時(shí)也會(huì)談到類似的話題，他們現(xiàn)在對(duì) AI 的看法和當(dāng)年對(duì)編程的看法是一樣的，就像，“哦，這將改變很多事情，這將使今天很多工作消失?！睂?duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，最明顯的地方在于，“好吧，如果是這樣，如果它將產(chǎn)生非常大的影響，那么我最好非常擅長(zhǎng)使用這個(gè)工具。”我認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)編程產(chǎn)生的影響是積極且廣泛的，雖然導(dǎo)致部分事物消失，但同時(shí)也創(chuàng)造了更多的新事物，并為我們提供了更多做新事的能力?；叵肫饋?lái)，這是一個(gè)非常好的決定，我們應(yīng)該非常熟悉這種工具，而現(xiàn)在也是如此。你需要真正熟悉這些新工具，因?yàn)槲覀儾恢牢磥?lái)的工作會(huì)是什么樣子。
我相信，未來(lái)會(huì)有很多工作，而且其中許多工作看起來(lái)也會(huì)與今天的工作有所不同。但我們似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)無(wú)事可做。
第二件事是我稍微提到的，我認(rèn)為我們可以對(duì)人類關(guān)心的事物做出一些深刻真實(shí)的陳述，那就是弄清楚如何創(chuàng)造這些東西，弄清楚如何構(gòu)建人們未來(lái)想要的體驗(yàn)、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù) —— 弄清楚如何對(duì)人們有用 —— 這似乎是一件非常有價(jià)值的事情，比任何特定的知識(shí)都更重要。
Chris Hyams: So one question that I get a lot, and I’d love to hear your thoughts: The pace of innovation is breathtaking in AI right now, and an undergraduate who is a freshman in college right now, by the time they graduate might find that some of the things that they’re learning might be potentially obsolete by the time they graduate. What would you say to a high school student or a college student on what they should be studying to help them prepare for the future? Sam Altman: I mean, the clearest, most obvious two things to say: Number one, you’ve got to learn to use the tools. When I was in school, computer programming was already popular, but nothing like it is popular today. And people would say the same things — many of the same things — they say about AI now than they would say about programming, which is like, 'Oh man, this is going to change things so much, and this is going to make a lot of the jobs of today go away.' And to me, the most obvious thing was, 'Well, if that’s the case, I’d better get really good at using this tool if that’s the thing that’s going to have this big impact.' And I think the story on computer programming has been a huge net positive. It has made some classes of jobs go away; it’s made way more new things happen, and also given us the ability to do a lot of new things. But in retrospect, that was a really good decision that I should get very comfortable with that tool. And I think the same thing is true now. You want to get really comfortable with these new tools because we don’t know exactly what the jobs of the future are going to look like. I’m confident that there will be lots of jobs, and also that many of them will look somewhat different than the jobs of today. But we never seem to run out of stuff to do. Thing number two is, which I touch on a little bit, I think we can say some deeply true statements about what humans seem to care about, and that figuring out how to create those things, figuring out how to build the experiences, products and services that people of the future are going to want — figure out how to be useful to people — that seems like a really valuable thing, more than any specific set of knowledge.
阿爾特曼的觀點(diǎn)與硅谷投資者維諾德?科斯拉（Vinod Khosla）的觀點(diǎn)形成了鮮明對(duì)比?？扑估A(yù)測(cè)，人工智能將取代 80% 的工作崗位中 80% 的任務(wù)。他警告說(shuō)，與以前的技術(shù)變革不同，工人們可能無(wú)法簡(jiǎn)單地升級(jí)他們的技能來(lái)避免失業(yè)。
然而，美國(guó)招聘網(wǎng)站 Indeed 最近的一項(xiàng)研究確定了 2800 多項(xiàng)工作技能，并得出結(jié)論，其中沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)“很可能”被人工智能取代。
Indeed 的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家 Svenja Gudell 承認(rèn)，一些人可能會(huì)因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)進(jìn)步而失去工作，但他強(qiáng)調(diào)，目前的 AI 技術(shù)還無(wú)法取代人類在倉(cāng)庫(kù)工作等方面的工作。
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